Gopher Tortoise

Scientific Name: Gopherus polyphemus

Category: reptile

Gopher Tortoise

Brief Description

A large, land-dwelling turtle known for its ability to dig deep burrows that provide shelter for many other species.

Characteristics

Large, stumpy, elephant-like hind feet and shovel-like forelimbs for digging. The shell (carapace) is oblong and generally tan, brown, or gray in color.

Habitat

Well-drained, sandy soils in longleaf pine forests, sandhills, and scrub habitats.

When to Find It

Most active during the day throughout the spring, summer, and fall; may remain in burrows during the cold of winter.

Conservation Status

Vulnerable / Threatened (varies by state and federal listing)

Ecological Role

A keystone species; its burrows provide habitat for over 350 other species of animals, including snakes, frogs, and burrowing owls.

Easily Confused With

Desert Tortoise (found in the western US) and various species of box turtles (which have hinged shells and smaller, more colorful carapaces).

Observation Tips

Maintain a respectful distance. Do not touch or move them unless they are in immediate danger (like crossing a road), and always move them in the direction they were heading.

Interesting Facts

Gopher tortoise burrows can reach lengths of up to 40 feet and depths of 10 feet. They can live for more than 40-60 years in the wild.