American Elderberry

Scientific Name: Sambucus canadensis

Category: plant

American Elderberry

Brief Description

A deciduous large shrub or small tree known for its compound leaves, white flower clusters, and dark purple berries.

Characteristics

Opposite, pinnately compound leaves usually with 5-11 leaflets. Leaflets are elliptical with serrated (toothed) margins. Stems have a white pith and prominent lenticels (pores).

Habitat

Commonly found in moist soils, sunny forest edges, wetlands, ditches, and along stream banks.

When to Find It

Flowers in late spring to early summer; fruits ripen in late summer to autumn. Leaves are most vibrant in spring and summer.

Conservation Status

Common / Least Concern

Ecological Role

Highly important for wildlife; flowers provide nectar for pollinators, and berries are a critical food source for numerous bird species and small mammals.

Easily Confused With

Often confused with Water Hemlock (highly toxic), which has doubly compound leaves and a hollow stem. Also resembles Red Elderberry (Sambucus racemosa) which has red berries and a brown pith.

Observation Tips

Look for it in wet, sunny clearings. Check the stem's pith; a white spongy center is a key identifier for the American species.

Interesting Facts

The berries and flowers are edible when cooked or processed, but the leaves, stems, and raw berries contain cyanogenic glycosides and can be toxic if consumed unprepared.